GLUL

Overview

GLUL (Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; also known as glutamine synthetase, GS) catalyzes ATP-dependent condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), GLUL protein expression is a key component of the EASL-endorsed diagnostic immunohistochemistry triplet used for early HCC diagnosis, reflecting CTNNB1-activated hepatocytes.

Alterations observed in the corpus

  • GLUL (glutamine synthetase) protein expression is part of the EASL-endorsed diagnostic IHC triplet (alongside HSP70/HSPA1A and GPC3) for early HCC diagnosis PMID:24735922

Cancer types (linked)

  • HCC — diagnostic IHC marker in the EASL-endorsed triplet panel for early HCC PMID:24735922

Co-occurrence and mutual exclusivity

  • Co-expressed with HSPA1A (HSP70) and GPC3 as part of the EASL-endorsed HCC diagnostic IHC triplet PMID:24735922

Therapeutic relevance

Open questions

  • Sensitivity/specificity of GS positivity versus GS+HSP70+GPC3 triplet for early HCC in different etiological backgrounds remains an active research question.

Sources

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