Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Overview

Antibody-based detection of protein expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. Used in the corpus for diagnostic biomarker validation, protein-loss confirmation, and prognostic classification.

Used by

  • Anti-SMARCA4 (BRG1) IHC performed on 9 of 12 SCCOHT cases; confirmed loss of SMARCA4 nuclear staining in all evaluable cases with nonsense/splice-site mutations; the paper proposes SMARCA4 IHC loss as a diagnostic adjunct for SCCOHT PMID:24658004.
  • IHC triplet (GPC3 + HSP70 + glutamine synthetase) endorsed by EASL guidelines for discriminating early HCC from high-grade dysplastic nodules: 46–72% sensitivity, 100% specificity; FGFR1 IHC showed protein up-regulation in 17.3% of 50 primary ESCCs; FBXW7 protein loss detected in 33% of 40 ESCC tumors PMID:24735922.
  • Validation IHC performed on tumor microarrays (TMAs) containing 50 primary ESCCs for FGFR1 and additional 40-case cohort for FBXW7 PMID:24686850.
  • FGF19 IHC used to stratify FGFR4 inhibitor (BLU-554) eligibility in HCC; PD-L1 IHC shown not to predict response to nivolumab or pembrolizumab in HCC PMID:24798001
  • MSI / EBV status recommended to be confirmed by MMR IHC (alongside MSI-PCR or NGS-based MSI, EBV ISH) before clinical decisions in familial non-hereditary gastric cancer PMID:24816255
  • PD-L1 expression assessed by IHC as a candidate predictive biomarker for ICI response in NPC, though not yet validated for treatment selection PMID:24952746
  • IHC staining of 86 GBC patient tissues used to quantify stromal SEMA7A expression; high stromal SEMA7A associated with larger tumor size (P=0.006), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001), and shorter overall survival PMID:24997986
  • Used to characterize experimental Ewing sarcoma tumors grown in NOD/SCID mice: staining for human HLA, Ku80, Flag (EWS::FLI1), PRKCB, BRCA1, Ki67, cyclin A, BCL11B, and ITM2A. PMID:25186949
  • Used to characterize seven prostate cancer organoid lines and CB17 SCID xenografts; assessed AR, SYP, CHGA, CD56, cytokeratin, and other markers to define adenocarcinoma vs neuroendocrine phenotypes. PMID:25201530
  • Used to assess STAG2 protein expression in Ewing sarcoma primary and relapse tissue; IHC revealed clonal expansion of STAG2-null cells at relapse in 3/21 paired samples PMID:25223734
  • IHC used for ARID1A (sc-32761), p53, pERK (Cell Signaling 4370), and p63 (Biolegend 619002) scoring in PDA; ARID1A IHC validated in an independent 296-case cohort, with protein loss associated with poor overall survival (P=0.0202). PMID:25855536
  • IHC used to assess protein expression in breast cancer samples PMID:26168399
  • IHC used to assess protein expression levels as part of proteogenomic analysis of ovarian cancer PMID:26200345
  • Used for ER, PR, and Ki67 staining in AAV-CRISPR-edited rat mammary tumors; demonstrated robust ER+/PR+ ductal histology in all six rat genotype groups, in contrast to ER-/PR- metaplastic phenotype produced by identical edits in mice PMID:26437033
  • Anti-MYBL1 IHC (HPA008791 antibody) and Western blotting performed on salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas to confirm MYBL1 protein overexpression in MYBL1-rearranged tumors; antibody recognizes only C-terminally intact MYBL1 (exon 10) PMID:26631609.
  • IHC for MYB, TP63, ICN1 (active NOTCH1), KIT, and Ki-67 performed across 19 grade-2 and 8 grade-3 ACCs; TP63 and ICN1 staining were mutually exclusive, segregating tumor grades PMID:26829750
  • IHC for AR, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, CD56, EZH2, and MMR proteins used to classify 114 metastatic CRPC biopsies as adenocarcinoma or neuroendocrine histology PMID:26855148
  • IHC used to assess AR, GR (NR3C1), ER alpha/beta (ESR1), chromogranin A, and Ki-67 across 176 mCRPC tumors; CCP score correlated with Ki-67 by IHC (r=0.48, P<0.005). IHC staining for E-cadherin (CDH1) showed loss in all 31 plasmacytoid bladder tumors and retention in adjacent in situ components. PMID:26928463
  • Used on TMAs to quantify CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO+, and FOXP3+ T cell densities in 299 CRC samples; CD45RO+ memory T cell density most strongly correlated with neoantigen load PMID:27149842
  • Panel of NF2, YAP/TAZ, p-YAP, p-S6, p-4EBP1, FH, 2SC (succination), H3K36me3, and INI1 IHC used to validate molecular subset assignments in 62 uRCC tumours. PMID:27713405
  • IHC used to quantify TRMT10A and USP10 protein expression in 54 metastatic PRAD tissues and 30 paired adjacent non-cancerous samples; high TRMT10A by IHC correlated with shorter OS (P = 0.014, log-rank) PMID:28068672.
  • IHC used to assess Ki-67 in 62 PCPG tumors; Ki-67 expression positively correlated with metastatic disease; the highest-Ki-67 tumor was MAML3 fusion-positive PMID:28162975.
  • Applied immunohistochemistry to validate protein expression in tumor tissue sections PMID:28196596
  • Used immunohistochemistry for protein marker detection in sarcoma tissue samples PMID:28199314
  • Performed immunohistochemistry to confirm protein-level alterations in tissue samples PMID:28445112
  • Ki67 immunohistochemistry performed on TMA cores in TRACERx; high Ki67 proliferation index was an independent predictor of pre-operative ctDNA detection in early-stage NSCLC PMID:28445469
  • IHC for Ki67, E-cadherin, and Vimentin performed on subcutaneous DU145 and PC3 xenograft sections after NOL10 knockdown; confirmed reduced proliferation and reduced EMT markers (lower Vimentin, higher E-cadherin) PMID:28927585
  • Used for IRF4, BCL6, and CD10 protein expression as part of the Hans IHC algorithm for cell-of-origin classification in 654 DLBCL cases (cross-validated against RNA-seq, p<10⁻⁶) PMID:28985567
  • IHC performed for PD-L1 (28-8/Dako), CD3, CD4, CD8, and FOXP3 with duplex chromogenic readout in 68 melanoma biopsies; PD-L1 IHC positivity selected for nivolumab response in ipilimumab-progressed patients PMID:29033130
  • IHC used for HER2 status assessment (3+ positive per CAP/ASCO criteria) and B2M protein expression validation in 295 metastatic EGC patients; HER2 IHC concordance with NGS-based ERBB2 amplification was 93.7% PMID:29122777
  • Nuclear β-catenin staining by IHC confirmed WNT pathway activation in CCRCC tumors harboring the recurrent APC intronic splice-acceptor mutation chr5:112151184 A>G PMID:29301960
  • MMR protein IHC (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) showed 98.6% concordance with MSIsensor score ≥10 for MSI classification in 1,134 colorectal adenocarcinomas PMID:29316426

Notes

  • IHC alone can miss functionally inactivating alterations (e.g., in-frame SMARCA4 exonic deletions that retain protein expression); sequencing required for complete ascertainment PMID:24658004.
  • The GPC3 + HSP70 + GS triplet is an EASL-endorsed clinical standard for early HCC diagnosis from biopsy PMID:24735922.

Sources

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:24798001

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:24816255

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:24952746

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:24997986

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:25186949

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:25201530

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:25223734

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:25855536

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:26168399

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:26200345

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:26437033

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:26631609

This page was processed by crosslinker on 2026-05-14. - PMID:26829750

This page was processed by entity-page-writer on 2026-05-15. - PMID:26855148

This page was processed by entity-page-writer on 2026-05-15. - PMID:26928463

This page was processed by entity-page-writer on 2026-05-15. - PMID:27149842

This page was processed by entity-page-writer on 2026-05-15. - PMID:27713405

This page was processed by entity-page-writer on 2026-05-15. - PMID:28068672

This page was processed by wiki-cli on 2026-05-14. - PMID:28162975

This page was processed by wiki-cli on 2026-05-14. - PMID:28196596

This page was processed by wiki-cli on 2026-05-14. - PMID:28199314

This page was processed by wiki-cli on 2026-05-14. - PMID:28445112

This page was processed by wiki-cli on 2026-05-14. - PMID:28445469

This page was processed by entity-page-writer on 2026-05-15. - PMID:28927585

This page was processed by entity-page-writer on 2026-05-15. - PMID:28985567

This page was processed by entity-page-writer on 2026-05-15. - PMID:29033130

This page was processed by entity-page-writer on 2026-05-15. - PMID:29122777

This page was processed by entity-page-writer on 2026-05-15. - PMID:29301960

This page was processed by wiki-cli on 2026-05-15. - PMID:29316426

This page was processed by wiki-cli on 2026-05-15.